Mechanism of gigantol in transmembrane transport in human lens epithelial cells / 中国中药杂志

Gigantol is a phenolic component of precious Chinese medicine Dendrobii Caulis, which has many pharmacological activities such as prevent tumor and diabetic cataract. This paper aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of gigantol in transmembrane transport in human lens epithelial cells(HLECs). Immortalized HLECs were cultured in vitro and inoculated in the laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) medium at 5 000 cells/mL. The fluorescence distribution and intensity of gigantol marked by fluorescence in HLECs were observed by LSCM, and the absorption and distribution of gigantol were expressed as fluorescence intensity. The transmembrane transport process of gigantol in HLECs were monitored. The effects of time, temperature, concentration, transport inhibitors, and different cell lines on the transmembrane absorption and transport of gigantol were compared. HLECs were inoculated on climbing plates of 6-well culture plates, and the ultrastructure of HLECs was detected by atomic force microscopy(AFM) during the transmembrane absorption of non-fluorescent labeled gigantol. The results showed that the transmembrane absorption of gigantol was in time and concentration-dependent manners, which was also able to specifically target HLECs. Energy and carrier transport inhibitors reduced gigantol absorption by HLECs. During transmembrane process of gigantol, the membrane surface of HLECs became rougher and presented different degrees of pits, indicating that the transmembrane transport of gigantol was achieved by active absorption of energy and carrier-mediated endocytosis.

Coexistence of optic pit and coloboma of iris, lens, and choroid: a case report / Coexistência de fosseta óptica e coloboma de íris, cristalino e coroide: um primeiro relato de caso

ABSTRACT A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of glare in both eyes. Biomicroscopic examination of both the eyes revealed iris and lens colobomas in the inferior quadrant. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed an oval and gray inferotemporal optic pit and two choroid colobomas in the inferior quadrant. In the left eye, two choroid colobomas were detected that were inferior to the optic nerve head. Furthermore, a 21-year-old man presented to our clinic for a routine ophthalmologic examination. Bilateral biomicroscopic examination was normal. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed an oval and gray inferotemporal optic pit and a choroid coloboma that was inferior to the optic nerve head. Here we describe optic pits co-occurring with iris, lens, and choroidal colobomas. On the basis of these cases, a defect in the closure of the embryonic fissure is the most plausible etiology of the optic pit.

RESUMO Uma mulher de 42 anos de idade foi internada em nossa clínica com queixa de ofuscamento em ambos os olhos. O exame biomicroscópico revelou coloboma de íris e cristalino no quadrante inferior em ambos os olhos. O exame de fundo do olho direito revelou um fosseta óptica oval e acinzentada na região inferotemporal e dois colobomas coroide no quadrante inferior. No olho esquerdo, dois colobomas de coroide foram detectados inferiormente à da cabeça do nervo óptico. Outro homem de 21 anos apresentou-se em nossa clínica para um exame oftalmológico de rotina. O exame biomicroscópico foi normal, bilateralmente. O exame de fundo do olho esquerdo revelou uma fosseta oval e acinzentada de nervo óptico óptico inferotemporal e um coloboma coroide inferior à cabeça do nervo óptico. Nestes relatos nós descrevemos fossetas ópticas ocorrendo simultaneamente com colobomas de íris, cristalino, e coroide. Com base nestes casos, o defeito no fechamento da fissura embrionária é uma provável etiologia da fosseta óptica.

Epilens membrane simulating cataract in children with uveitis: a report of three cases / Membrana epicristaliniana simulando catarata em crianças com uveíte: relato de três casos

ABSTRACTHere we present the cases of three female children, of whom two were aged 6 years and one was aged 11 years. Two of the three children had bilateral uveitis and suspected cataract and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. The third one had uveitis and suspected cataract in one eye and sympathetic ophthalmia (SO), and had undergone penetrating keratoplasty in the fellow eye following a trauma. After controlling the inflammation, we planned to perform phacoemulsification without intraocular lens implantation. However, intraoperatively, after removing the epilens membranes, the lenses appeared clear, and therefore phacoemulsification was not performed. During follow-up, the patients did not develop cataract, and visual acuity levels ranged from 20/30 to 20/100. Fundoscopy revealed VKH disease and SO. Ophthalmologists should not always assume that patients with uveitis have cataract; a transparent lens may exist behind the epilens membrane, allowing a less aggressive therapeutic approach.

RESUMOApresentamos os casos de três meninas (duas de seis anos e uma de onze anos), com uveíte bilateral e suspeita de catarata em ambos os olhos e doença de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) em dois casos. No terceiro caso, oftalmia simpática e suspeita de catarata em um olho e trauma com ceratoplastia penetrante no outro olho. Após controle da inflamação, indicou-se facoemulsificação sem LIO. No per-operatório, após retirada da membrana epicristaliniana, a transparência do cristalino foi percebida, não sendo realizada a facoemulsificação. No período de acompanhamento as pacientes não desenvolveram catarata e a acuidade visual variou de 20/30 a 20/100. O exame de fundoscopia reforçou o diagnóstico de VKH e oftalmia simpática. Portanto, é muito importante que o oftalmologista esteja sempre atento quando se deparar com um caso de uveíte com suspeita de catarata, porque, por trás da membrana epicristaliniana pode existir um cristalino transparente, o que leva a uma conduta terapêutica menos agressiva.

Refraction and eye anterior segment parameters in schizophrenic patients / Refração e parâmetros do segmento anterior ocular em pacientes com esquizofrenia

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the difference in terms of refractive errors and anterior segment parameters between schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteers. Methods: This study compared 70 patients (48 men) who were diagnosed with schizophrenia with a control group of 60 (35 men) who were similar in terms of age, gender, education, and socioeconomic level. Anterior segment examination was performed using a Scheimflug system. Axial length and lens thickness (LT) were measured using optic biometry. The following tests were administered to the psychiatric patient group: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Results: Mild myopia was detected in both the schizophrenic and control groups, with no statistically significant difference (p>0.005). Corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT) values were lower in the schizophrenic group, and there was a statistically significant between-group difference (p=0.026, p=0.014, p=0.048, and p=0.005, respectively). LT was greater in schizophrenics, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.006). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between SAPS and cylinder values (p=0.008). The axial eye length, cylinder value, pupil diameter, mean keratometric value, and anterior chamber angle revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was detected in terms of refraction disorders between schizophrenics and the healthy control group, while some differences in anterior chamber parameters were present. These results demonstrate that schizophrenics may exhibit clinical and structural differences in the eye. .

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se existem diferenças em relação aos erros refracionais e parâmetros do segmento anterior entre pacientes com esquizofrenia e voluntários saudáveis. Métodos: Este estudo comparou 70 pacientes diagnosticados com esquizofrenia (48 homens) com um grupo controle de 60 pacientes, semelhantes em relação à idade, sexo, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico (35 homens). O exame do segmento anterior foi realizado com o sistema Scheimflug; os comprimentos axiais do olho e a espessura do cristalino foram avaliadas por meio de biometria óptica. Os seguintes testes foram aplicados ao grupo de pacientes psiquiátricos: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), e Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Resultados: Miopia leve foi detectada em ambos os grupos de esquizofrenia e de controle, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0,005). Volume de córnea (CV), volume da câmara anterior (ACV), profundidade da câmara anterior (ACD) e paquimetria central da córnea (CCT) apresentaram valores menores no grupo de esquizofrênicos e houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos (p=0,026, p=0,014, p=0,048 e p=0,005, respectivamente). A espessura do cristalino (LT) foi maior em esquizofrênicos e a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,006). Foi encontrada uma correlação negativa estatisticamente significativa entre SAPS e os valores cilíndricos (p=0,008). O comprimento axial do olho, o valor do cilindro, o diâmetro pupilar, a ceratometria média e o ângulo da câmara anterior não revelaram nenhuma diferença estatística entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Não foi detectada diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação aos transtornos de refração entre os esquizofrênicos e o grupo controle, enquanto algumas diferenças nos parâmetros de câmara anterior estavam presentes. Estes resultados demonstram que esquizofrénicos podem ...

Manejo de las complicaciones oftalmológicas de la Diabetes Mellitus / Management of ophthalmological complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Esta guìa contiene datos generales relacionados con la ceguera la edad en pacientes diabeticos no controlada. hay un incremento de casos por ceguera a nivel mundial que son de alta prevalencia y severidad. algunas clsificaciones de la diabetes mellitus oftalmopatìas; retinopatìa, opacidades del cristalino o cataratas, glaucoma, lesiones de la cornea, paresia o paralisis de musculos extraoculares secundario a neuropatìa. aunque existen alguna medidas de estricto control metabolico.

Comparison of immersion ultrasonography, ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of traumatic phacoceles.

Blunt ocular trauma in the elderly can result in anterior dislocation of the crystalline lens into the subconjunctival space (phacocele). Although rare, this presentation can be missed, especially if the patient presents several days after the injury and if the lid is not everted on examination. While a careful clinical examination is adequate in the diagnosis, imaging techniques can be put to use for the accurate location of the associated sclera rupture. We report three cases of post-traumatic phacocele wherein ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was compared to the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and B-scan ultrasonography (B-scan), in order to establish the best imaging tool for this condition. We concluded, based on image quality, that UBM could be the imaging modality of choice to aid in the diagnosis of phacocele.

Diagnóstico e tratamento do lenticone anterior / Diagnosis and therapy of anterior lenticonus

Relato de caso de um paciente de 18 anos com sindrome de Alport apresentando perda visual progressiva. A biomicroscopia revelou lenticone anterior bilateral. O paciente realizou tomografia de córnea e segmento anterior com o sistema Scheimpflug (Pentacam) e aberrometria e topografia corneana (i-Trace). O paciente foi submetido à facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular peça única hidrofóbica (Acrysof® SN60AT). As imagens de Scheimpflug documentaram o lenticone anterior. A aberrometria total mostrou acentuado astigmatismo miópico com acentuada aberração esférica negativa, havendo grande impacto das aberrações de alta ordem (HOA) na conversão da letra E de Snellen. O mapa de integração da aberrometria do olho todo com a topografia corneana mostrou maior semelhança das aberrrações totais com as aberrações intraoculares do que com as aberrações da superfície anterior da córnea. Após a cirurgia, o paciente apresentou acuidade visual corrigida igual a 20/20 em ambos os olhos, as imagens de Scheimpflug revelaram lentes intraoculares tópicas e os mapas diferenciais revelaram resolução da miopia e redução das aberrações da alta ordem (total e interna). Os exames de imagem foram úteis para demonstrar o impacto do lenticone anterior na qualidade visual e a resolução das aberrações ópticas após a cirurgia.

Case report of a 18-year-old male patient with Alport's syndrome, who presented with renal failure and hearing loss reporting a progressive loss of vision acuity. Slitlamp examination revealed bilateral anterior lenticonus. The patient underwent pre and post-operative corneal and anterior segment tomography with a rotating Scheimpflug system (Pentacam), integrated whole eye (individual laser beam ray tracing) and corneal surface (Placido) wavefront aberrometry (i-Trace). Phacoemulsification and single piece hydrophobic IOL implantation (Acrysof® SN60AT) was performed uneventfully in both eyes. Pre op Scheimpflug well decomented the anterior lenticonus. Total aberrometry showed myopic astigmatisms with high negative spherical aberrations OU; higher order aberrations (HOAs) greatly influenced the conversion of Snellen E letters. Total aberrations and corneal topographies integration maps OU demonstrated high levels of intraocular aberrations which had more similarity with whole eye aberrations than anterior corneal aberrations. After surgery, BCVA was 20/20 in both eyes. Scheimpflug images revealed topic intraocular lens and the differential maps showed resolution of myopia and decrease of the total ocular HOAs as well as from the internal optics. Adjunctive advanced diagnostic tools were useful to demonstrate the anterior lenticonus and its optical impact along with the resolution of the aberrations post operatively.

A Retained Lens Fragment Induced Anterior Uveitis and Corneal Edema 15 Years after Cataract Surgery

A 60-year-old male was referred to the ophthalmologic clinic with aggravated anterior uveitis and corneal edema despite the use of topical and systemic steroids. He had undergone cataract surgery in both eyes 15 years previous. Slit lamp examinations revealed a retained lens fragment in the inferior angle of the anterior chamber, with severe corneal edema and mild anterior uveitis. The corneal edema and uveitis subsided following surgical extraction of the lens fragment. That a retained lens fragment caused symptomatic anterior uveitis with corneal edema 15 years after an uneventful cataract surgery is unique. A retained lens fragment should be considered as one of the causes of anterior uveitis in a pseudophakic patient.

Targeting CYP450 modulation to decrease the risk of induced cataract in the experimental model.

Background: Diabetes is one of the major causes of cataract. Some drugs prescribed for the treatment of diabetes are the modulators of CYP450, which may alter the risk of cataract. Objective: To study the effect of CYP450 modulation in galactosemic cataract. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley suckling rats were allotted to four groups (n = 6), as follows: Group 1: Normal control, Group 2: Galactose control, Group 3: CYP450 inhibitor pretreated and Group 4: CYP450 inducer pretreated. Cataract was induced in animals of all groups except group 1 by feeding them galactose (50%), 21 days after parturition. From the eighteenth day of life, CYP450 inhibitor (nifedipine; 8.1 mg/kg) and CYP450 inducer (pioglitazone; 3.8 mg/kg) were given orally to groups 3 and 4, respectively. The maturation pattern of the cataract was observed by an operating microscope, every third day. Biochemical changes in the lenses of all groups, for example, CYP450 activity expressed as µM NADPH oxidized / unit time, alterations in the levels of total proteins, soluble proteins, and reduced glutathione (GSH) following the induction of cataract, were estimated. Results: The microscopic examination of the lenses indicated that CYP450 inhibitor pre-treatment delayed (fourteenth day) the occurrence of cataract, while CYP450 inducer pretreatment demonstrated an early (ninth day) cataract as compared to galactose control rats (twelfth day). A significant decrease and increase in CYP450 activity was observed with the CYP450 inhibitor and inducer pre-treatment, respectively. There was no alteration in the GSH level, but a significant increase in total and soluble protein was found in groups 3 and 4 as compared to group 2. Conclusion: CYP450 may have a role in the initiation of cataract without any effect on the maturation pattern, as revealed by the delayed occurrence of cataract with the CYP450 inhibitor and an early onset of cataract with the CYP450 inducer.

The Relationship Between the Density of Lens and Liquefaction Time Using Liquefaction Device

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of lens density on liquefaction time by using liquefaction device (AquaLase(R), Alcon Laboratories, TX, U.S.A.). METHODS: Cataract surgery using AquaLase(R) was performed on 47 eyes. With a Scheimpflug camera, the density and thickness of lens were measured in eye of each patient preoperatively. During surgery, liquefaction time and total number of pulses were recorded. The correlation of both density and thickness of lens with liquefaction time and total number of pulses was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean density of anterior cortex, nucleus, and posterior cortex was 112.45+/-42.1 computer compatible tapes (CCT), 76.5+/-22.7 CCT, and 70.9+/-52.2 CCT, respectively. The mean thickness was 0.97+/-0.30 mm, 2.76+/-0.54 mm, and 0.81+/-0.24 mm, respectively. The mean liquefaction time was 174.8+/-108.2 seconds. The mean total number of pulses was 4799+/-3007.There was no significant difference between the density of each area of lens (anterior cortex, nucleus, posterior cortex, and total lens) and liquefaction time (p>0.05), and between the thickness of each area of lens and liquefaction time (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the density of each area of lens and total number of pulses (p>0.05), and between the thickness of each area of lens and total number of pulses (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When extraction of soft to moderate density cataract was performed with AquaLase(R), liquefaction time and total number of pulse did not correlate to the density and thickness of lens.

Phacoemulsification in total white cataract with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Cataract surgery with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (S-J) is associated with a high incidence of complications and can worsen the primary disease. We report a case of phacoemulsification of a total, white cataract barely visible through the vascularized, keratinized cornea in the only seeing eye of a patient with S-J syndrome. We describe the intra-operative difficulties encountered during phacoemulsification and the surgical tools and techniques employed to overcome the surgical difficulties. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient regained useful, navigational vision.

Retinitis pigmentosa associated with blepharophimosis, blue dot cataract and primary inferior oblique overaction: a new syndrome complex?

A 15-year-old girl with retinitis pigmentosa, blepharophimosis, blue dot cataract and primary overaction of inferior oblique muscle in both the eyes is being reported. Computerized search using Medline did not reveal any such previously reported association.

effect of vitamin E administration on cisplatin-induced oxidative and histopathological damage of kidney, liver and lens tissues in albino rats

Cisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer but its clinical use is associated with toxicity. The present study evaluated biochemically and histologically the effect of vitamin E as a line of prevention of cisplatin toxicity in rats. Its was carried out on 90 adult male albino rats divided into 6 groups each contains 15 rats, the first group was used as-ve control, the second group received distilled water 1ml/animal intraperitoneally [IP], the third group received corn oil 0.25 ml/animal orally,the fourth group received vitamin E 100 mg/kg orally. Animals of groups II, III and IV served as +ve controls. The fifth group received cisplatin 5 mg/kg IP and the sixth group received vitamin E 100 mg/kg orally 24 hours prior to IP cisplatin 5 mg/kg. After 7 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed,then Malondialdehyde [MDA], reduced glutathione and glutathione perioxidase were measured in kidney, liver and lens tissues. Also kidney, liver and lens tissues were prepared for light microscopic examination. The results revealed significant increase in kidney, liver and lens MDA levels in rats treated with cisplatin in comparison to the-ve control group. Reduced glutathione and glutathione perioxidase levels in kidney, liver and lens were significantly lower in cisplatin group than in the-ve control group. Histopathological examination revealed renal and liver necrosis and cataract changes in cisplatin treated rats. The increased MDA levels, the decreased antioxidant enzymes and histopathological damage in the kidney, liver and lens of rats administered cisplatin were significantly improved with vitamin E administration. So, it is concluded that, vitamin E may play a role in preventing cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cataract formation in cancer patients

Effect of Thermal Preconditioning Before Excimer Laser Photoablation

The purposes of this study were to assess the expression patterns of heat shock proteins (Hsps), after eyeball heating or cooling, and to elucidate their relationships with corneal wound healing and intraocular complications after excimer laser treatment. Experimental mice were grouped into three according to local pretreatment type: heating, cooling, and control groups. The preconditioning was to apply saline eyedrops onto the cornea prior to photoablation. Following photoablation, we evaluated corneal wound healing, corneal opacity and lens opacity. Hsp expression patterns were elucidated with Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The heating and cooling groups recovered more rapidly, and showed less corneal and lens opacity than the control group. In the heating and cooling groups, there were more expressions of Hsps in the cornea and lens than in the control group. These results were confirmed in the Hsp 70.1 knockout mouse model. Our study showed that Hsps were induced by the heating or cooling preconditioning, and appeared to be a major factor in protecting the cornea against serious thermal damage. Induced Hsps also seemed to play an important role in rapid wound healing, and decreased corneal and lens opacity after excimer laser ablation.

Lens particle glaucoma occurring 15 years after cataract surgery

A 60-year-old man visited our clinic with a sudden blurred vision and ocular pain in his right eye occurring 15 years after cataract surgery. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 55 mmHg in the right eye and gonioscopy revealed a wide open angle with white cortical lens material in the inferior angle. Since the IOP was unable to be controlled with medical therapy, removal of the lens material was performed by irrigation and aspiration. Following surgery, the IOP was decreased to 18 mmHg without medication and the patient's vision recovered to 20/20. The pathology of the aqueous humor showed macrophages with engulfed lens particles.

Modificaciones estructurales inducidas por la Diábetes en cristalinos cultivados in vitro / Structurals modifications induced by diabetes in vitro cultivate crystalline

La diábetes es una enfermedad sistémica en la cual existe una alteración en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos. A nivel oftalmológico una de las estructúras que se afectan es el cristalino. En los diabéticos, el humor acuoso presenta niveles de glucosa aumentados, y en el cristalino niveles superiores a 200 mgs/ml, saturan la enzima hexokinasa, convirtiéndose la glucosa en sorbitol, que se acumula entre las fibras cristalinianas y el epitelio, apareciendo la catarata, que en su evolución se hace intumescente. Aún no se conoce con exactitud el mecanismo por el cual se produce la catarata subcapsular posterior. También en el humor acuosos existen factores de crecimiento, dentro de los cuales está el IGFI que favorece crecimiento y diferenciación celular, pudiendo éste ser un factor que favorezca la aparición de catarata subcapsular posterior. El propósito de este trabajo es determinar las modificaciones celulares que ocurren en cristalinos cultivados en medio 199, glucosa (300 mgr/ml) e IGFI, para evaluar el papel que pudiera desempeñar el IGFC en la aparición de catarata diabética y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de la catarata subcapsular posterior. Se utilizaron conejos albinos New Zealand, los cuales se anestesiaron y enuclearon para la posterior extracción del cristalino. Un grupo fue tratado con IGFI a concentraciones que oscilaron entre 0.5 -2-0 ng/ml, y cultivados en medio 199 + glucosa. Los cristalinos control se cultivaron en medio 199 + glucosa y medio 199 + suero. Los resultados indican que el IGFI indujo mitosis, hiperplasia y migración de las células epiteliales hacia la cápsula posterior, por lo que consideramos que éste pudiera ser un factor que puede favorecer por una vía no metabólica la aparición de catarata subcapsular posterior

Patología del Cristalino / Lens pathology

La patología del cristalino es variada siendo las alteraciones en su transparencia, por la formación de catarata, la patología más común, la causa más importante de disminución de la función visual y la primera indicación de estudio ecográfico en la práctia clínica oftalmológica. La ultrasonografía modo A y B es un estudio útil para la valoración de la forma, volumen, posición y transparencia del cristalino existiendo patrones ecográficos característicos ante la existencia de alteraciones como catarata, sub-luxación o luxación, traumatismos y cuerpos extraños intraoculares, mostradas en imágenes del presente trabajo

Morphological and morphometrical study of human lens in senile cataract

Histological changes were studied in 34 senile cataractous lenses removed surgically from patients aged 50 to 78 years. Sixty-eight% had nuclear sclerosis, 44% swollen cells and morgagnian globular changes, 23% calcium deposition, 15% migration of epithelial cells beneath posterior capsule and villous projection in posterior in 7%. Several cases had more than one histological abnormality. There was significant reduction in the diameter of epithelial cells of the cataract and insignificant change in capsular thickness